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Ophioglossum – A Full Guide To The Life of Ophioglossum (Ophioglossum vulgatum) Ophioglossum (Adder’s Tongue) belongs to the family order Ophioglossaceae. The order contains this single family. All the details about genus along with order have been discussed here in detail. There are two orders in the class Eusporangiopsida. These orders are Ophioglossales and Marattiales. …

Horsetail Plant – Classification, Characteristic Features, Morphology, Anatomy, Equisetum Thermale, Adaptations | Field Horsetail  (Equisetum Arvense) – Sporangium, Antheridium, Archegonium, Embryo Development, Life Cycle | Economic Importance Horsetail (Equisetum) comprises of about 25 species. It belongs to order Equisetales. They are worldwide in distribution; however, no species have been recorded from Australia and New Zealand. …

Nostoc Commune – Nostoc Fresh Water Algae (Characteristics, Morphology and Methods of Reproduction) Nostoc also known as fresh water algae genus of cyanobacteria is found in the fresh water, on the damp soil, even as endophyte in the tissues of other plants such as Anthoceros or as an algal component of some lichens. This genus …

Volvox Case Study Guide Covers up Classification, Characteristics, Volvox Under Microscope, Reproduction (Asexual and Sexual Reproduction) Volvox is a fresh water planktonic (free-floating) alga. There are about 20 species belongs to these genera. In the plant kingdom it appears as the most beautiful and attractive object. It is found in fresh water as green balls …

Oscillatoria – Characteristics, Systematic Position, Morphology, Anatomy, Microscopic View, Reproduction Oscillatoria (oscillare, to swing) is very common in moist places which are rich in decaying organic matter. Such common places are ponds, streams and other stinking moist places such as roadside ditches, drains or sewers. Characteristics and Morphology The oscillatoria is represented by 100 species. …

Chroococcus (Chroococcales) – We will Learn Systematic Position, Plant Body, Cell Structure, Reproduction Chroococcus (Gr. chroo, color. coccus, berry) are, predominantly fresh water alga. It is found in damp places such as moist soil, tree trunks, moist walls and rocks. This genus is represented by 250 species. They are either free floating or form a …

Blue Green Algae (CyanoBacteria) – Characteristics, Reproduction, Examples, Economic Importance, Classification, Phylogeny Blue green algae (cyanobacteria) has been given the status of class by some workers and they call it Myxophyceae (Gr. myxa means slime; phyton, a plant) or Cyanophyceae (Gr. kyanas, a dark blue substance; phyton, a plant) while other workers believed that they …

Spirogyra (Pond Scum) – Characteristics, Vegetative and Sexual Reproduction (Scalariform Conjugation, Lateral Conjugation), Parthenogenesis Spirogyra algae is a widely distributed large genus consisting of about 300 species found throughout the world. It grows in freshwater as a free-floating mass and is thus commonly called pond scum. It is found growing in freshwater stagnant reservoirs and …

Viruses definition Guide Includes Structure, Nature, Classification, Hierarchy, Types of Viruses, Symptoms, Transmission, Their Control and Examples of Viruses Viruses definition were composed at different times by different workers. Its understanding can be depicted by the definition list. As we know, viruses emerged as a new identity around the 1930s. Viruses Definition By Different Scientists …

T4 Bacteriophage – History, Structure, Graphical Life Cycle, Phage Therapy T4 Bacteriophage or simply phages are the type of viruses which attacks bacteria. The bacteriophages are among the most complex viruses. They have a complex shape like a tadpole i.e., bacteriophage T4, which attacks Escherichia coli (bacterium). History of Bacteriophage: The t4 bacteriophage was first …

Tobacco Mosaic Virus Symptoms, Structure and Life Cycle of TMV, Mosaics Definition Tobacco mosaic virus also known as TMV is the most extensively studied virus in plants. It was discovered by Iwanowski (1892) and obtained in pure state by Stanley (1935). It has a helical symmetry. TMV is a cylindrical structure with a molecular weight …

Enzymes are Proteins – The Guide Encompasses Introduction, History, Structure, Active Site, Enzyme Action, Functions, Models, Factors, Inhibitors, Classification, Nomenclature What Are Enzymes? Enzymes are proteins that speed up the reactions by acting as catalysts. They increase the rate of reaction without being consumed or permanently altered by themselves. In Greek enzymes are divided into …

Photosynthesis Definition – Work of Martin Kamen, Stephen Hales, Joseph Priestly, Jan IngenHousz, Jean Senebier, Saussure, Julius Sachs, C.B. Van Niel, Robin Hill, R. Scarisbrick, Samuel Ruben, Daniel Arnon Photosynthesis definition in terms of science is “the conversion of light energy into useful chemical energy”. Martin Kamen’s (1963) photosynthesis definition is described as the series …

Nitrogen Fixation – Occurrence of Nitrogen Fixation Bacteria, Asymbiotic and Symbiotic Fixation, Nodulation, Leghemoglobin, Ammonification, Nitrification, Denitrification Nitrogen fixation is the process of reduction of N2 to NH4+ and always appears to be carried on by prokaryotic organisms. The Most abundant supply of nitrogen is found in the earth’s crust, rocks, and sediment (17.5 to …

Mineral Nutrition and Nutrient Deficiency – Criteria, Mineral Nutrients Detection Method, Method of Studying Plant Nutrition, Types of Nutrients, Function of Essential Elements, Enlisting Deficiency Symptoms of Magnesium, Calcium, Iron, Chlorine, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Molybdenum, Nickel Mineral nutrition and knowledge about its all aspects is an important subdivision of plant physiology. It deals with the …

Classification of Plants – Work of Aristotle, Linnaeus, DE Jussieu, Darwin, Whittaker Classification of Plants: The human dependence on plants for living forced him to recognize them. Whereas understand of interrelationship of plants forced him to classify and arrange them so as to manipulate the plants and plant products for his utilization in more befitting …